Other

Int128

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inline void read(__int128& x) {
	int f = 1;
	x = 0;
	char ch = getchar();
	while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
		if (ch == '-')
			f *= -1;
		ch = getchar();
	}
	while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
		x = x * 10 + ch - '0';
		ch = getchar();
	}
	x *= f;
}

inline void print(__int128 x) {
	if (x < 0) {
		putchar('-');
		x = -x;
	}
	if (x > 9)
		print(x / 10);
	putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}

O2 & O3 & fast-read & & fast-write

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//O2
#pragma GCC optimize(2)

//O3
#pragma GCC optimize(3,"Ofast","inline")

//fast-read
int read() {
    int x = 0;
    int w = 1;
    char ch = 0;
    while (ch < '0' || ch > '9') {
        if (ch == '-') {
            w = -1;
        }
        ch = getchar(); 
    }
    while (ch >= '0' && ch <= '9') {
        x = x * 10 + (ch - '0');
        ch = getchar();
    }
    return x * w;
}

//fast-write
void write(int x) {
    if (x < 0) {
        x = -x;
        putchar('-');
    }

    if (x > 9) {
        write(x / 10);
    }
    putchar(x % 10 + '0');
}